gif_cond_exp_multisynapse – Conductance-based generalized integrate-and-fire neuron (GIF) with multiple synaptic time constants (from the Gerstner lab) ======================================================================================================================================================= Description +++++++++++ ``gif_cond_exp_multisynapse`` is the generalized integrate-and-fire neuron according to Mensi et al. (2012) [1]_ and Pozzorini et al. (2015) [2]_, with postsynaptic conductances in the form of truncated exponentials. This model features both an adaptation current and a dynamic threshold for spike-frequency adaptation. The membrane potential (V) is described by the differential equation: .. math:: C \cdot dV(t)/dt = -g_L \cdot (V(t)-E_L) - \eta_1(t) - \eta_2(t) - \ldots - \eta_n(t) + I(t) where each :math:`\eta_i` is a spike-triggered current (stc), and the neuron model can have arbitrary number of them. Dynamic of each :math:`\eta_i` is described by: .. math:: \tau_{\eta_i} \cdot d{\eta_i}/dt = -\eta_i and in case of spike emission, its value increased by a constant (which can be positive or negative): .. math:: \eta_i = \eta_i + q_{\eta_i} \text{ (in case of spike emission).} Neuron produces spikes stochastically according to a point process with the firing intensity: .. math:: \lambda(t) = \lambda_0 \cdot \exp(V(t)-V_T(t)) / \Delta_V where :math:`V_T(t)` is a time-dependent firing threshold: .. math:: V_T(t) = V_{T_{star}} + \gamma_1(t) + \gamma_2(t) + \ldots + \gamma_m(t) where :math:`\gamma_i` is a kernel of spike-frequency adaptation (sfa), and the neuron model can have arbitrary number of them. Dynamic of each :math:`\gamma_i` is described by: .. math:: \tau_{\gamma_i} \cdot d\gamma_i/dt = -\gamma_i and in case of spike emission, its value increased by a constant (which can be positive or negative): .. math:: \gamma_i = \gamma_i + q_{\gamma_i} \text{ (in case of spike emission).} .. note:: In the current implementation of the model, the values of :math:`\eta_i` and :math:`\gamma_i` are affected immediately after spike emission. However, `GIF toolbox `_, which fits the model using experimental data, requires a different set of :math:`\eta_i` and :math:`\gamma_i`. It applies the jump of :math:`\eta_i` and :math:`\gamma_i` after the refractory period. One can easily convert between :math:`q_{\eta/\gamma}` with these two approaches: .. math:: q_{\eta,giftoolbox} = q_{\eta,NEST} \cdot (1 - \exp( -\tau_{ref} / \tau_\eta )) The same formula applies for :math:`q_\gamma`. On the postsynaptic side, there can be arbitrarily many synaptic time constants (gif_psc_exp has exactly two: ``tau_syn_ex`` and ``tau_syn_in``). This can be reached by specifying separate receptor ports, each for a different time constant. The port number has to match the respective ``receptor_type`` in the connectors. The shape of synaptic conductance is exponential. When connecting to conductance-based multisynapse models, all synaptic weights must be non-negative. Parameters ++++++++++ The following parameters can be set in the status dictionary. ========= ====== ====================================================== **Membrane Parameters** --------------------------------------------------------------------------- C_m pF Capacity of the membrane t_ref ms Duration of refractory period V_reset mV Reset value for V_m after a spike E_L mV Leak reversal potential g_L nS Leak conductance I_e pA Constant external input current ========= ====== ====================================================== ========= ============== ===================================================== **Spike adaptation and firing intensity parameters** ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- q_stc list of nA Values added to spike-triggered currents (stc) after each spike emission tau_stc list of ms Time constants of stc variables q_sfa list of mV Values added to spike-frequency adaptation (sfa) after each spike emission tau_sfa list of ms Time constants of sfa variables Delta_V mV Stochasticity level lambda_0 real Stochastic intensity at firing threshold V_T i n 1/s. V_T_star mV Base threshold ========= ============== ===================================================== ========= ============= =================================================== **Synaptic parameters** ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ tau_syn list of ms Time constants of the synaptic conductance (same size as E_rev) E_rev list of mV Reversal potentials (same size as tau_syn) ========= ============= =================================================== ============== ====== ====================================================== **Integration parameters** ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ gsl_error_tol real This parameter controls the admissible error of the GSL integrator. Reduce it if NEST complains about numerical instabilities ============== ====== ====================================================== References ++++++++++ .. [1] Mensi S, Naud R, Pozzorini C, Avermann M, Petersen CC, Gerstner W (2012) Parameter extraction and classification of three cortical neuron types reveals two distinct adaptation mechanisms. Journal of Neurophysiology, 107(6):1756-1775. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00408.2011 .. [2] Pozzorini C, Mensi S, Hagens O, Naud R, Koch C, Gerstner W (2015). Automated high-throughput characterization of single neurons by means of simplified spiking models. PLoS Computational Biology, 11(6), e1004275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004275 Sends +++++ SpikeEvent Receives ++++++++ SpikeEvent, CurrentEvent, DataLoggingRequest See also ++++++++ pp_psc_delta, gif_cond_exp, iaf_psc_exp_multisynapse, gif_psc_exp_multisynapse Examples using this model +++++++++++++++++++++++++ .. listexamples:: gif_cond_exp_multisynapse